![]() ![]() ![]() They are also considered as asymmetrical arms (i.e., low cost vs high damage) of extensive uses in naval warfare. Naval mines demonstrate considerable strategical effects and advantages over other naval weaponry systems despite their comparatively lower costs. They are extremely effective and destructive weapons for decreasing acoustical signature along with quite a high damaging effects despite of their small sizes. Naval mines with composite cases like Rockan and Manta have been in use by many modern naval forces. As for the case in the submarines, composite structures are also implemented on the case of naval mines in order to reduce the interception probability of detection by the sonars. Combining geometrical form, configuration and variety of shapes of elastomeric layers along with manipulating acoustical impedance result in reduced sonar signals by absorbtion of sound waves. Such an engineered rubber layers and coatings have paved the way for lower detection ranges of sonars by absorbing acoustical waves. Such an elastomeric cladding material with porosities and cavities on the hull of submarine brought about it hard to be intercepted by sonar systems. The German Navy had used a highly porous elastomeric material for the first time that they called “the Alberich Coating” to reduce acoustical signatures of German submarines. In the meantime, developed sonar technologies were produced for better detection of underwater objects be it submarines, torpedos and naval mines. Stealthy materials, coatings and claddings have been developed for vehicles, vessels, weapons and equipment hiding in underwater i.e., not being easily detected and identified correctly. The stealthy materials providing lower acoustical signature present an important opportunities for applications used in naval warfare systems. Composites, layered structures, metamaterials, porous materials are conventionally used for defence industry. Innovation and improvement of the materials systems from conventional materials to advanced ceramics and composites have continuously played a key role in so many applications including defense systems as well. In this regard, materials technologies of the respective era have taken essential part of the research, development and application of such technologies. For this reason, innovative technology was developed for producing weaponary systems and naval systems. Quite the contrary, the defensive side under attack would try to hide and effort not being detected to survive. ![]() Generally in naval warfare offensive sides initial aim is to detect and eredicate the defensive side. The study reveals that SiC foams ceramics are potential candidates in reducing acoustical signature as covering and/or casing material for future naval mine applications.Ĭonventional weaponry systems being used in the naval warfare are in a very complex interrelation with each other resulting in complex networks of systems. Highly tortuose and porous structure of open celled SiC foam ceramic leads a considerable decrease in scattering, reflection and transmission properties. This study investigates underwater acoustic performance of open celled SiC foam ceramics the range of 80–100 kHz in the acoustic test pool environment for the very first time. The experimental results obtained from the study shows that the SiC foam ceramic plate leads a 19,2% reduction in reflection, 90,5% and 96% lower values are obtained in transmission and 78,4% and 68,6% lower values are obtained at 60° and 30° in scattering compared to the reference steel plate. Sonar frequencies widely used in mine countermeasure operations for detection purposes, 80 kHz, 85 kHz, 90khZ, 95 kHz and 100 kHz were applied to the acoustic tests. The aim of this study is to examine the acoustical signature and the efficiency of open celled SiC foam ceramics as covering and/or casing material for naval mines. The materials with high porosity are known to provide lower acoustical signature than conventional metallic plates in common. The wide variation in types and characteristics of materials may affect the underwater detection capabilities despite recently developed sonar systems. The conduct of underwater warfare mostly depends upon the advancement of detection and identification sensors and materials. One of the major tasks of the underwater warfare is to detect underwater objects such as vehicles, vessels, weapons and equipment. ![]()
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